Immune cells play a crucial role in detecting infections, much like a sniffer dog, using specialized sensors called Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors are activated when they encounter specific chemical signals, triggering immune responses such as inflammation or the engulfment of harmful pathogens. However, understanding what triggers these receptors and how different substances lead to varied immune responses has remained a challenge.
In a recent study by researchers from the University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, an innovative method was used to explore these questions, shedding light on the complex behavior of TLRs. The team discovered that the activation of TLRs by molecules like lipopolysaccharides (LPS)—which are found in bacterial cell walls—can differ based on the type of pathogen involved. For example, LPS from E. coli and Salmonella activated the same TLR but produced different responses in the cells, suggesting that TLRs can trigger varied immune reactions depending on the specific molecule detected.
To study this in detail, the researchers used a novel technique that observes changes in the wavelength of light reflected by immune cells. This approach allowed them to visualize how cells change shape in response to TLR activation without the need for time-consuming color-coding methods.
The results offer a more nuanced understanding of TLR signaling and could accelerate drug discovery for treating infections, cancer, diabetes, and even neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. This breakthrough provides a promising path to developing more targeted therapies that could either enhance or suppress immune responses for better disease management.
Article written by Technology Network
12/11/2024
Source:
Technology Network